Manifold attachment for internal combustion engines



MANTFOLD ATTACHMENT ECR INTERNAL CMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 14, .195o

z3 l /3 5mi fwaoefwf,

Patented Jan. 3l, 1,933

Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK?. F. WQDOERING, F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, vASSIGrNOR 0F ONE-HAL v.10

WAIJIFR, R. HEARN MANIFOLD A'lTACHll/IEN'I"FORl INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed May 14,

This invention relates'to fuel systems for internal combustion motors,'and constitutes a continuation in part of my copending ap;

plication, Serial No.1422,331, filed January which is operable from the drivers compart ment, to control the passage of fuel to the motor, is not,I adapted to seal the passage through which fuel reaches the motor from the carburetor. Instead, the butterfly valve is held slightly open, the purpose being to permit a small amount of fuel to pass when the valve 1s in its most nearly completelyl closed position, so that the motor can idle.

This produces an undesirable condition when the carburetor is usedupon a variable "o'speed motor, because when the supply ofv fuel to the motor is suddenly diminished or completely cut oft', the motor is still turning over at a relatively high rate under forced momentum, due to the velocity of its 515 crankshaft and flywheel, and the momentum ofthe vehicle of which the motor is a part, provided the motor is not disconnected therefrom. In this manner, a relatively high vacuum is created in the intake maniold due 40 to the pumping action of the pistons and Valves operating under forced momentum, thus drawing a much larger quantity of liquid fuel through the carburetor than the carburetor is Aca'pable'of atomizinggin view of the-fact that `the passagey of such atomimd fuel past the lbutterfly valve is restricted. Accordingly, a's the motor is slowe'd down,

1 l each 'of its cylinders' is drawing avery highly enriched fuel mixture thereinto. In fact,

so rich is this fuel mixture, that it is not 1930. Serial No. 452,285.

explosive, and is discharged through the exonly results in increased cost of the operation of thel motor, but it also produces that condition known as gassing wherein a cloud of obnoxious gas is discharged from the exhaust. This condition is particularly noticeable in the case of relatively large trucks and motor busses. When the operator. of such a vehicle,` is shifting gears, the motor `will be running at a relatively high speed with the low-ratio gears enmeshed, and then the load on the motor suddenly relieved and the supply of fuel thereto, shut off while the gears of a higher ratio are engaged. This sudden discontinuance of the supply of fuel to the motor, will result in the discharge of a cloud of foul-smelling and poisonous gas behind the vehicle, a condition which is vparticularly undesirable in districts of heavily congested trafc, because of the relatively high percent of the carbon monoxide gases which are thus expelled to the atmosphere. It is an object therefore, of the present invention, to provide a device for relieving this undesirable condition.

. A more detailed object is the provision of a carburetor attachment capable of operating as above indicated, which is normally Yheld inoperative by spring action, but in which this spring action is suddenly relieved to permit operation of the attachment when the pressure within the intake manifold vhas been reduced below a predetermined value. Another object is to provide means for bringing the opening movement of the valve which constitutes one of the operative parts of the invention, to a gradual stop at the end of its opening movement, thus eliminating the noise and wear which would be coincident with suddenly stopping itsmotion. Y

A still further object is to provide a device of this general character, which is composed of la' relatively few parts, each of which is of simple construction; with the result that the device is capable of being manufactured, installed and operated with the greatest econ'- omy and efficiency.

The invention possesses other objects and4 advantageous features, some of which, with haust manifold as unburned fuel. This not v those enumerated, will be set forth in the following description of the inventions particular embodiment which illustrated in the drawing accompanying and forming a part of the specification.

Referring to the drawing: f

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine showing the carburetor attachment lof the present invention, operatively installedv thereupon.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal,medial, vertical l sectional view of the carburetor attachment in normal or closed position.

F ig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the movable portions of the device in the positions assumedthereby when the pressure within. the intake manifold has decreasedA suiciently to cause actuation of the device. Fig. 4' is a transverse, vertical sectional view taken upon the line 4 4 of Fig. 3, with the direction of view as indicated.

--The device of the present invention isshownjoperatively,installed for use in conjunction with an internal combustion engine 6 of 'conventional design, and comprising a .cylinder block 7, intake and exhaust manil folds 8 and 9 respectively, a carburetor 11 0f vconventional design, coupled to the intake manifold 8, and an exhaust plpe 12 communi-l eating with the exhaust manifold 9.

My improved carburetor attachment which is indicated in its entirety at 13, isinterposed between the intake' manifold 8 andthe carburetor 11, so that in elect,it" is actually .interposed into the intake manifold 8, inasmuch as the vaporized fuel from the carburetor 11, passes-through the attachment. 13

' and thence through the-intake manifold 8' on the atmosphere,

Afaceof the valve cage.24, opening motion at 23, for the reception itsway into the combustion chambers of the cylinder'block 7. e The attachment 13 consists of a tubular housikn'gl having flanges 17 and 18 at itsupper and lower ends respectively, whereby" 1tmaybe firmly 'attached to the flanges 19 and 21 of the intake manifold 8 and the car 29 is reciprocable. A valve seat 31 formedl on the inner face of the valve cage 24, encircles a port 32 through which communication betweenthe interior of the housing 16 and may be establishedwhen the valve 29 moves olf the seat 31; and inasmuch as the valve seat 31 is disposed on the .inner of the valve 29 must to the housing 16.l

The valve seat l31 is formed in a counterbe .inwards with respect Abored portion 33 inthe inside 'face of the valve cage '24, 'and a peripheral flange 34 is provided upon the valve 29. The inside diameter of the counterbore 33 is only slightly greater than the outsidediameter of a peripheral flange 34 formed on the valve 29.

This flange lies inside the counterbore 33 when the valve 29 engages the seat-31, thus producing avery rapldl flow' of air through the restricted annular space between the flange 34 andthe counterbore .33 attheinstant that the valve opens; land the velocity of thev air in so moving, causes the Itpositive and rapid movement of the valve 29 to fully open position. Within the end 36 of the counterbore 33 which is proximal to the body of the housing 16, a preferably removable ring 37 is disposed,'this ring however, being firmly secured in position so that it will/not be jarred loose during'normal use of the device. The inside diameter of thering 37 is preferably slightly greater than that'of the inner end of the counterbore 33but still only slightly greater than the outside diameter of the flange 34-of the valve 29, so that when the valve starts to close, it encounters a stream of air flowing at relatively great velocity through the restricted annular'space between the flange andthe ring 37. This holds the valve open until the differentiation of pressure within and without the intake manifold 8 has been sufficiently nearly equalized to reduce this flow to a relatively low velocity, v'whereupon the yvalve 429 can move closed against the relatively slow flow of air. Moreover, the ring 37 is interchan eable, to

`permit fine adjustment of the device to accommodate the circumstances of any particular installation.

Upon a reduced hub 41 of the valve guide 27, external threads. 42 are formed ,for the reception of a nut 43 adapted to clamp the "top 44 of Aa housing 46 against a flange 47 of the valve guide 27, so as to rigidly but removably mount the housing 46 in position. The yparts are so proportioned that when the housinv 46' is 4so-secured, its `bottomedge 48 is pressed tightly against a seat 49 .which is formed on the valve cage 24, so that the only entrance' into the housing 46 is by way of a side inlet 5.1, the bore 52` of which communicates with the-interior of the housing 46. The inlet 51 is provided with a flange `53, whereby a conduit 54 may be attached thereto, this conduit 54 leading to a sleeve 56 encircling but slightly spaced from a portion of the exhaust manifold 9, thus insuring that all the air enter-I ing the housing 46 will first have its temperature raised/ by being forced to pass in close proximity to a heated exhaust manifold 9.

A pair of lugs 61 are provided 'upon the outer face of the top 44 ofthe housing 46,`

these lugs/being disposed diametrically opposite each other with respect to the axis of` thev valve stem 28 which passes completely through the valve guide'27,.and hence to the exterior of the housing 46. Upon each of the lugs 61, an arm 62 is p1votedv as by a pivot pin 63, and each arm l62 carries a roller 64. head 66 is threaded upon the outer end of the valve stem 28, a lock nut 67 being employed to clamp the head 66 in adjusted position upon the threads 68 on Athe valve stem 28,'

vder tension between pins 72 extending later-l ally from the arms 62; with the result that the arms 62 are continually urged toward each other.

However, the sloping surface 69 of the head 66, is provided with a raised portion or shoulder 73 intermediate the limits thereof, this shoulder being soipositioned that the rollers 64 are in engagement therewith as indicated upon Fig. 2 when the valve 29 is seated, i. e., in that position in which the port 32 is tightly closed. As clearlyshown upon Figs. 2 and 3 however, the approaches 74 and 76, to the shoulder 73, are rounded so that movement lof the rollers 64 over the shoulder 73, is facilitated.

The outer approach 76 to the shoulder 73, gradually curves outwards about a` radius slightly greater than the radius of the rollers 64; with the result that the extreme outer end of the head 66, flares with gradually de` creasing pitch, until it merges into a periph-4 eral portion 77 which extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the axis of the valve stem 28. This perpendicularly extending lange serves as means for limiting the inward movement of the ilange 29, inasmuch as when it impinges against the rollers 64, the force exerted thereby against the rollers in moving inwards, will tend to press the rollers in lines parallel to the axis of the valve stem 28, in contradistinction to the di- -rection in which the rollers are pressed when they are engaged by any of the flarin lportions of the head 66. When these 28 is moving .1nwards,a wedging action is developed against rollers 64, causing arms 62 to swing outwards against the force exerted by the springs 71. Hence, these springs 71 continually resist inward movement of the valve 29. However, in view of the fact that the innermost approach 74 to the shoulder 63,

is of less pitch than the approach 76, the re- .y sistance offered by the arms 62 and rollers 64 to inward movement of the valve 29, is considerably greater when the rollers '64 engage the approach 74, than it is after the rollers 64 have passed the shoulder 73 and are in. engagement with the more steeply inclinedapproach 76. Moreover, the tension of the springs 71 may be regulated, inasmuch asl each is connected to one of the pins 72 by aring.. portions engage the rollers 64, and the stemv means of an eye 78 encircling that pin, and a nut 79 threaded onto the shankSO of the eye.

A second nut 81 is threadedv upon the hub 4l; and a coil spring 82 is under compression between this nut 81 and the inner end 83 of the head 66, so that this spring 82 is continually urging the head 29 into port-closing position.

Operation When the motor 6 is operating under normal conditions, i. e., when fuel is being supplied thereto at a givenrate to maintam operationof the motor 6 at a given speed, the valve 29 will `remain seated, owing to-V the fact that the spring 82 is .of such strength and the adjusting nut 81 has been so posi manifold 8 during normal operation of the l motor.

However, when the butterfly valve of the carburetor 11 is suddenly closed so as to decrease or substantially completely shut ofi' the supply of fuel to the motor, the pressure within the intake manifold 8 and cosequently that within the tubular portion of the housing 16, will be very greatly diminished; with the result that the valve 29 will be drawn inwards away from the seat 31 andagainst the action of the coil spring 82. vThis inward motion ofthe valve 29 will also belagainst the action of the springs 71, inasmuch as los the inward motion of the head 66 wedges the rollers 64 and the arms 62 apart, thus stretch-` y' ing the springs 71 which are under tension between the arms 62. The shoulder 7 3 which is formed on the inclined surface of the head 66, cooperates with the spring 82in holding the valve 29 seated until the pressure within the intake manifold has decreased below a predetermined value, because its presence in engagement with the rollers 64 when the valve is' fully seated, necessitates the exertion of a greater v:force against the valve 29, to cause motion thereof, as compared to the force required to cause similar motion when the rollers 64 are in engagement withamore steeply inclined portion 76 of the head 66. Hence, the shoulder 73 serves to resist initial opening movementof the valve, and to permit the `valve to move away from the seat 31 more freely, subsequent to initial movement thereof. This detail of construction also serves to prevent the valve 29 from moving away from port-closing position until the pressure within the intake manifold, has decreased below a predetermined value. -It also causes snap to fully open position.

the valve to move to fully open'position relatively suddenly, because of the fact that instantly the rollers 64 have passed the shoulder 73, the amount of energy required for further motion of the valve, will be materially decreased; with the result that the valve will The restricting ring 37 also works toward this same end, inasmuch as when the valve 29 initially opens, a relatively restricted passageway is provided between the peripheral flange 34 ofthe valve and the inside circumference of the ring 37; and when the valve has moved further away from the seat 31, this passageway is materially increased, thus permitting freer passage of air thereast. p The fact that the outer end 77 of the head 66 flares with gradually increasing pitch, causes the opening motion of the valve 29 to be brought to a gradual stop. The rollers 64, in rolling from the approach 76 toward the outer end of the head 66, will impinge against the-perpendicular portion 77 of the head, more gradually than would be the case if this portion of the head flared more abruptly, i. e., if the curvature of this portion of the head were about a radius equal to or smaller than that of the rollers 64. However, the principal function of the restricting ring 37, is to more accurately determine the extent to which the pressure within the intake manifold must be'increased before the valve closes, and then permit the spring 82 to snap the valve 29 closed with relative rapidity. 1n other words, at just the instant that the pressure within the intake manifold raises to only slightly less than'that which obtains under normal working conditions, the valve will snap closed, so'that the normal supply of fuel is again fed to the motor. t

The threaded connection of the head 66 upon the valvestem 28, permits nice adjustment of the device, so that the rollers 64 seat against the inner approach 74 to the shoulder 73 when the valve 29 is in engagement with the valve seat 3l.l Adjustment of the nut v81 causes variation ofthe pressure exerted "by the spring 82 against the head 66, whereby the extent of. raising of the pressure within the intake manifold 8, necessary to cause the valve 29 to be moved to its seat, may accurately be predetermined. Also, the force exerted by the rollers 64 against the conical head 66 so as to resist inward motion thereof, may be varied by manipulation of the nuts 79 upon the shanks 80 of their respective eyes 78, as will readily be understood.

It is to be understood th'at the details of the invention as herein disclosed, are subject .to alteration within the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In combination with means for introducing fuel to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in the wall thereof, a valve associated with said port and adapted to open the port by moving therefrom inwards with respect to the housing, spring means resisting inward movement of said valve, and means cooperative with said spring means for reducing the resistance offered thereby subsequent to initial inward movement of said valve.

2. In combination with means for introducing fuel to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a. housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in the wall thereof, a valve associated with said port and adapted toopen the port by being moved therefrom inwards with respect to the housing when pressure within the manifold is reduced below a predetermined value, spring means resisting inward movement of said valve, and means cooperative with said spring means for reducing the resistance offered thereby subsequent to initial inward movement of the valve.

3. In combination with means for introducing fuel to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in thewall thereof, a valve associated with said port and adapted to open the port by being moved therefrom inwards with respect to the housing when pressure within the manifold is reduced below a predetermined value, spring means resisting inward movement of said valve, means coopera.- tive with said spring means for reducing the resistance'oifered thereby subsequent to initial inward movement of the valve, and means for reducing the effect on said valve of pressure differentiation against opposite faces thereof subsequent to initial movement of the valve.

4. In combination with means for introducing fuel to the intake manifold nof an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in the wall thereof, a valve associated with said port and adapted to open the port by Abeing moved therefrom inwards with respect to the housing when pressure within the manifold is reduced below a predetermined value, spring means resisting inward movement of said valve, means cooperative with said spring means for reducing the resistance offered thereby subsequent to initial inward movement of the valve, and means for suddenly reducing the effect on said valve of pressure differentiation against opposite i' faces thereof subsequent to initial movement of the valve.

5. In combination with `means for introducmg fuel into the intake manifold of an 1nternal combustion englne, a housmg adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said portand adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigidy with said valve, a head carried by said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by f said arm, and spring'means urging saidroller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position.l v L 6. In combination with means for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said-manifold and having a port in a Wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by'said stem and having an inclined'surface, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urg-'- ing said roller against said inclined surface of the head to move the valve into port-closing position.

7. In combination with vmeans for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposedinto said manifold and having a port' in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said port and adapted to close the ort by moving outwards with respeotfto said ousing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem and-having an inclined surface, a shoulder on said inclined surfacel intermediate the limits thereof, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urging said roller against said inclined surface of the head to move the valve into port-closing position.

8. In combination with means for introduoing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustionengine, a housing adapt- -edto be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said port and adapted to close 'the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, arms pivoted to said housing onopposite-sides of said stem, a roller carrled by each of said larms, and spring means under tension between said arms, urging said rollers against the head to urge said `valve into port-closing' position. l

9. In combination with means for intro-iV ducing fuel intotheintake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in awall thereof, a valve ar-i ranged inside said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said'valve, a f

head'tcarriedl by said stem, arms pivoted to Y said housing on opposite sides of said stem, a

roller carried by each of said'arms, spring means under tension between said arms, urging said rollers against the head to urge said the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, arms pivoted to i said housing on opposite sides of said stem, a roller carried by each ofV said arms, and

spring means under tension betweenl said arms, urging said rollers against the head to urge saidvalve into' port-closing position, and a'shoulder on said head engageable by said rollers when the valve is in port-closing position whereby said spring means offers greater resistance to initial opening movement of the valve. f

11. In combination with means for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adaptf ed to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof,`a valve ar.

ranged inside said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards-with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, ahead carried by said. stem', arms pivoted to said housing on opposite sides of said stem,`

a roller carried by each of said. aims, spring means under tension between said arms, urging said rollers against the'head to urge said valve into port-closing position, and a shoulder on said head engageable by said rollers means for introv.

when the .valve is in port-closing position f whereby saidspring means offers greater resistance to initial opening movement of the valve, the approaches to saidshoulder being rounded to facilitatemovement of said rollers therepast.

l2. In combination with means for intro-4 ducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and 1 having Va port in a wall. thereof, a valve a'rranged inside said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, arms pivoted to said housing on opposite 'sides of said stem,-

a roller carried by each of said arms, spring means underl tension between said arms,'urg ing said rollers against'the headto`urge saidJ valve into port-closing position, a shoulder on said' head engageable by said rollers yvhen the valve is in port-closing position whereby said spring means offers greater resistance to initial opening movement of the valve, and

means for bringing the opening movement of 'said valve to a gradual stop.

13. In combination with means for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said port and adapted to close the port yby moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, arms pivoted to said housing on opposite sides of said stem, a roller carried by each of said arms, spring means under tension between said arms urging said rollers against the head to urge said valve into port-closing position, and a shoulder on said head engageable by said rollers when the valve is in port-closing position whereby said spring means offers greater resistance to initial opening movement of the valve, the periphery of said head being gradually flared outwards to perpendicularity with 4the axis of said stem and about a radius slightly greater than that of said 'rollers whereby the opening movement of said valve is brought to a gradual stop by impingement of the rollers against the perpendicular portion of the head. p

14. In combination with means fo'frV introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside'said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urging said roller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position,

15. In combination with means for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an" internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve arranged inside said port and adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carriedvby said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, spring means urging said roller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position, a spring interposed between said stem and said housing resisting opening movement of the valve, and means for varying the force exerted by said spring against the stem.

16. In a device for admitting air to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing communicating with said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, there being la passage leading from said port to the interior of said housing, a valve reciprocablewithin said passage and adapted to close said port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, said valve being of only slightly smaller area than the cross sectional area of said passage, resilient means resisting inward movement of said valve, and

means cooperative with said resilient means for reducing the resistance offered thereby subsequent to initial inward movement of for reducing the resistance offered thereby g subsequent to initial inward movement of said valve.

18. In combination with means for introducing ffuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed intoy said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respect `to said housing, a stem rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urging said roller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position.

19. In combination with means for introducing fuel 4into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to bek interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve adapted to close the port by moving outwards with respectv to said housing, a stem rigid with said'valve, a head carried by said stem and having an inclined surface, an' arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urging said roller against saidinclined surface of the head to move the valve into port-closing position.

20. In combination with means for introducing fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a. housing adapted to be interposed into said manifold and having a port in a wall thereof, a valve adapted to closethe port by moving outwards with respect to said housing, a stem rigid with said'valve, a head carried by said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, and spring means urging said roller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position. V

21. I-n combination with means for introducing fuel-into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a housing adapted to be interposed into said. manifold and having a port'in a wall thereof,- a valve adapt-n ed to close the port by moving outwards with respect toy said housing, a stem' rigid with said valve, a head carried by said stem, an arm pivoted to said housing, a roller carried by said arm, spring'means urging said roller against the head to move the valve into port-closing position, a. spring interposed between said 'stem and said housingV resisting opening movement of the valve, and

means for varying the .force exerted by saidV spring against the stem.

` In testimony whereof I'have signed myl name to this specication.

FRANK F. W.v DOERING. 

